![]() (a) First, express the mass defect in g/mol. To accommodate the requested energy units, the mass defect must be expressed in kilograms (recall that 1 J = 1 kg m 2/s 2). Determine the binding energy in joules per nuclide using the mass-energy equivalence equation. (c) MeV per nucleus SolutionThe mass defect for a 2 4 He 2 4 He nucleus is 0.0305 amu, as shown previously. The conversion between mass and energy is most identifiably represented by the mass-energy equivalence equation as stated by Albert Einstein:ĮXAMPLE 13.1.1 Calculation of Nuclear Binding EnergyDetermine the binding energy for the nuclide 2 4 He 2 4 He in: Consequently, the energy changes associated with nuclear reactions are vastly greater than are those for chemical reactions. In comparison to chemical bond energies, nuclear binding energies are vastly greater, as we will learn in this section. The nuclear binding energy is the energy produced when the atoms’ nucleons are bound together this is also the energy needed to break a nucleus into its constituent protons and neutrons. The loss in mass accompanying the formation of an atom from protons, neutrons, and electrons is due to the conversion of that mass into energy that is evolved as the atom forms. In the case of helium, the mass defect indicates a “loss” in mass of 4.0331 amu – 4.0026 amu = 0.0305 amu. This difference between the calculated and experimentally measured masses is known as the mass defect of the atom. However, mass spectrometric measurements reveal that the mass of an 2 4 He 2 4 He atom is 4.0026 amu, less than the combined masses of its six constituent subatomic particles.
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